注意事項
一、將自己的校名、姓名、準考證號寫在答題卡上。將本試卷代號(A、B卷)劃在答題卡上。
二、試卷和答題卡均不得帶出考場�？荚嚱Y束，監考員收卷后考生才可離開。
三、仔細讀懂題目的說明。
四、多項選擇題的答案一定要劃在答題卡上，凡是寫在試卷上的答案一律無效。每題只能選一個答案：如多選。則該題無分，選定答案后，用鉛筆在相應字母的中部劃一條橫線。正確方法是：A) B) C) D)。使用其他符號答題者不給分，劃線要有一定粗度，濃度要蓋過字母底色。
五、如果要改動答案，必須先用橡皮擦凈原來選定的答案，然后再按上面的規定重新答題。
六、試題的第四部分改錯(Error Correction)和第五部分作文(Writing)印刷在答題卡上，請用黑色字跡簽字筆在答題卡上作答。
七、在90分鐘內做完試題的第一至第四部分，90分鐘后，監考員收取試卷，然后考生再做第五部分作文題，答題時間為30分鐘。全部考試時間為120分鐘，不得拖延時間。
八、在考試過程中要注意對自己的答案保密，若被他人抄襲，一經發現，后果自負。
全國大學英語四、六級考試委員會
Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
1. A) She met with Thomas just a few days ago.
B) She can help with the orientation program.
C) She is not sure she can pass on the message.
D) She will certainly try to contact Thomas.
2. A) Set the dinner table.
B) Change the light bulb.
C) Clean the dining room.
D) Hold the ladder for him.
3. A) He’d like a piece of pie.
B) He’d like some coffee.
C) He’d rather stay in the warm room.
D) He’s just had dinner with his friends.
4. A) He has managed to sell a number of cars.
B) He is contented with his current position.
C) He might get fired.
D) He has lost his job.
5. A) Tony’s secretary.
B) Paul’s girlfriend.
C) Paul’s colleague.
D) Tony’s wife.
6. A) He was fined for running a red light.
B) He was caught speeding on a fast lane.
C) He had to run quickly to get the ticket.
D) He made a wrong turn at the intersection.
7. A) He has learned a lot from his own mistakes.
B) He is quite experienced in taming wild dogs.
C) He finds reward more effective than punishment.
D) He thinks it important to master basic training skills.
8. A) At a bookstore.
B) At the dentist’s.
C) In a restaurant.
D) In the library.
9. A) He doesn’t want Jenny to get into trouble.
B) He doesn’t agree with the woman’s remark.
C) He thinks Jenny’s workload too heavy at college.
D) He believes most college students are running wild.
10. A) It was applaudable.
B) It was just terrible.
C) The actors were enthusiastic.
D) The plot was funny enough.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.
11. A) Social work.
B) Medical care.
C) Applied physics.
D) Special education.
12. A) The timely advice from her friends and relatives.
B) The two-year professional training she received.
C) Her determination to fulfill her dream.
D) Her parents’ consistent moral support.
13. A) To get the funding for the hospitals.
B) To help the disabled children there.
C) To train therapists for the children there.
D) To set up an institution for the handicapped.
Passage Two
Questions 14 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.
14. A) At a country school in Mexico.
B) In a mountain valley of Spain.
C) At a small American college.
D) In a small village in Chile.
15. A) By expanding their minds and horizons.
B) By financing their elementary education.
C) By setting up a small primary school.
D) By setting them an inspiring example.
16. A) She wrote poetry that broke through national barriers.
B) She was a talented designer of original school curriculums.
C) She proved herself to be an active and capable stateswoman.
D) She made outstanding contributions to children’s education.
17. A) She won the 1945 Nobel Prize in Literature.
B) She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize.
C) She translated her books into many languages.
D) She advised many statesmen on international affairs.
Passage Three
Questions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.
18. A) How animals survive harsh conditions in the wild.
B) How animals alter colors to match their surroundings.
C) How animals protect themselves against predators.
D) How animals learn to disguise themselves effectively.
19. A) Its enormous size.
B) Its plant-like appearance.
C) Its instantaneous response.
D) Its offensive smell.
20. A) It helps improve their safety.
B) It allows them to swim faster.
C) It helps them fight their predators.
D) It allows them to avoid twists and turns.
Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)
Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
There are good reasons to be troubled by the violence that spreads throughout the media. Movies, Television and video games are full of gunplay and bloodshed, and one might reasonably ask what’s wrong with a society that presents videos of domestic violence as entertainment.
Most researchers agree that the causes of real-world violence are complex. A 1993 study by the U.S. National Academy of Sciences listed “biological, individual, family, peer, school, and community factors” as all playing their parts.
Viewing abnormally large amounts of violent television and video games may well contribute to violent behavior in certain individuals. The trouble comes when researchers downplay uncertainties in their studies or overstate the case for causality (因果關系). Skeptics were dismayed several years ago when a group of societies including the American Medical Association tried to end the debate by issuing a joint statement: “At this time, well over 1,000 studies... point overwhelmingly to a causal connection between media violence and aggressive behavior in some children.”
Freedom-of-speech advocates accused the societies of catering to politicians, and even disputed the number of studies (most were review articles and essays, they said). When Jonathan Freedman, a social psychologist at the University of Toronto, reviewed the literature, he found only 200 or so studies of television-watching and aggression. And when he weeded out “the most doubtful measures of aggression”, only 28% supported a connection.
The critical point here is causality. The alarmists say they have proved that violent media cause aggression. But the assumptions behind their observations need to be examined. When labeling games as violent or non-violent, should a hero eating a ghost really be counted as a violent event? And when experimenters record the time it takes game players to read ‘aggressive’ or ‘non-aggressive’ words from a list, can we be sure what they are actually measuring? The intent of the new Harvard Center on Media and Child Health to collect and standardize studies of media violence in order to compare their methodologies, assumptions and conclusions is an important step in the right direction.
Another appropriate step would be to tone down the criticism until we know more. Several researchers write, speak and testify quite a lot on the threat posed by violence in the media. That is, of course, their privilege. But when doing so, they often come out with statements that the matter has now been settled, drawing criticism from colleagues. In response, the alarmists accuse critics and news reporters of being deceived by the entertainment industry. Such clashes help neither science nor society.