(一) 土壤礦物質 固氮菌diazotroph
礦物mineral (四)土壤理化性質
石英 quartz 土壤物理性質 soil physical properties
長石 feldspar 質地texture
巖石 rock 粒組soil separate
花崗巖 granite 砂質sandy
風化(作用) weather 壤質loam
粘土clay(minerals) 粘質clay
母質parent material /subsoil 粘重heavy
蘇達 soda 礫石gravel
石灰lime 土壤結構soil structure
土壤soil 團粒granular
土體solum 土壤孔隙系統soil pore system
云母 mica 孔隙度porosity
(二) 土壤有機質 土壤容重bulk density/apparent density
有機質 organic matter 土壤比重particle density
泥炭 peat 土壤濕度狀況soil temperature regime
腐殖質humus 土壤通氣性soil aeration
凋落物 litter 土壤水 soil water
林褥 forest floor 土壤濕度soil moisture
積累 accumulate/deposit 含水量soil moisture content
分解decomposition/decompose 水勢water potential
礦化 mineralization 毛細作用capillary
(三) 土壤生物 土壤顏色soil color
土壤生物體 soil organism 蒙塞爾土壤色卡
土壤動物(區系) soil fauna Munsell Soil Color Chart
細菌 bacteria 土壤化學性質
真菌 fungi (pl of fungus) soil chemistry properties
藻類algae 氧化-還原(作用) oxidation-reduction
土壤植物(區系)soil microflora 膠體colloid
蚯蚓 earthworm 吸附 adsorption
蟻 ant 陽離子交換量
螨 mite cation exchange capacity
根際 the rhizosphere 陰離子交換anion exchange
根瘤root nodule/root tubercle 鹽基飽和度salt base percentage/
菌根mycorhiza base -saturation percentage
土壤酶soil enzyme 土壤反應(pH) soil reaction(pH)
酸性acid 不完全性肥料 incomplete fertilizer
酸度acidity 廄肥stable manure(長效肥料)
堿化alkalinization 糞便excrement
堿性的alkaline(堿土) 鳥糞guano /gwa:neu/
堿度alkalinity 骨粉bone meal
(六)養分、肥料及肥力 堆(漚)制(作堆肥)compost
土壤養分 soil nutrient essential (要素) 草皮turf
必需營養元素nutrient element 草炭peat
大量元素macro-element 草木灰ash
微量元素 micro-/trace element 石灰lime
氮 nitrogen 石膏gypsum
水解氮 hydrolysable nitrogen 硝酸鹽肥料nitrate
硝態氮 nitrate nitrogen 過磷酸鹽肥料superphosphate
氨態氮 ammonium nitrogen 鉀鹽肥料kainite
磷phosphorus (七)土壤發生與分布分類
有效磷available phosphorus 風化作用weathering
鉀potassium 土壤發育(發生)
鈣calcium pedogenesis/soil development/genesis/formation
鎂magnesium 土壤發生因素factor of soil development
硫sulphur 土壤發育過程processes of
鐵iron 淋溶(作用)leaching/eluviation
鋁aluminium 沉積 deposit
錳 manganese 淀積illuviate(soil 專用)
土壤養分供應soil nutrient supply 沉淀(沉降)precipitation
土壤肥力soil fertility (水)飽和saturate
肥料fertilizer or manure 還原(條件)reduction or reducing condition
施肥 fertilization or manure 潛育 gleys
吸收absorption or uptake 好氣條件aerobics(pl) (condition)
空中施肥(飛機)aerial fertilization 累積accumulation
葉面施肥foliar fertilization 富集(積)enrichment/concentration
缺乏deficiency 銹斑 mottling
缺氮 nitrogen deficiency 雜色的、斑駁的mottled
缺鉀 potassium deficiency 過濾percolate
肥料(施肥)效果response to /effect of fertilizer 土壤剖面soil profile
土壤植物診斷soil and plant diagnosis 剖面發育profile development
可見癥狀visual symptom 發生層horizon(layer)
化肥fertilizer 有機質層organic layer
完全性肥料complete fertilizer 腐殖質層humus layer
綠肥(作物)green-mature crops 礦質土層mineral horizon
A、B、C層A、B、C horizon 土地經營land management
淋溶層eluvial horizon 地力分級land classification
淀積層illuvial horizon 立地 site
潛育層gleying horizon 立地指數site index
土壤分布soil distribution 深翻ripping
地帶性土壤zonal soils 松土`scarifying /ai/
非地帶性土壤(在內)intrazonal soil 土壤改良soil reclamation/improvement
土壤帶soil stripes /ai/ 土壤保持soil conservation
土壤復域soil complex 荒地virgin land
土壤分類soil classification 開荒reclamation
土壤分類系統soil taxonomy/k`sc/ or system工程防治(水保)mechanical control
診斷層diagnostic horizon 生物防治(水保)biological control
分類單元categories 溝渠clinch
土綱 soil order (九)地質地貌
土類 great group 風化殘渣residue n.
亞類 group (subgroup) 殘積土residual soil
淋溶土 Alfisols 底土subsoil
旱成土 Aridisols 沉積物 deposit sediment
新成土Entisols 沖積物alluvial material
有機土Histosols 沖積砂fluvial sand
始成土Inceptisols 沖積土 alluvial soil
軟土 Mollisols 冰川glacier
氧化土 Oxisols 凍土glacial soil
灰土(灰壤)Spodosols 松散巖石(母質)unconsolidated rocks
老成土Ultsols 非破碎巖石uncrambled rocks
變性土Vertisols 山脈mountain range
暗棕壤Dark Brown Forest Soil 山脊(山嶺)mountain ridge
草甸土Meadow soil 坡地slope
沼澤土Bog soil 坡度falling gradient /ei/
石質土Lithosol soil 陡 steep 緩gentle
(八)土壤管理 分水嶺water shed
耕作cultivate or tillage 谷地valley
灌溉irrigation 盆地basin
排水drain (n、-age) 洼地low land or depression or loblolly
放牧pasture 平原plain 泥坑
集約(精耕)intensive 平地flat land
肥力保持maintain soil fertility 沙丘 dune /ju:/
輪作crop rotation 漫灘(泛濕地)floor plain
排污waste discharge 山洪torrent
沼澤(泥沼)marsh/swamp/bog 污水凈化sewage purification
人為攪動土disturbed soil 爛泥sludges
(十)土壤環境學問題 (化學)組成composition
旱化drought or xeric 微生物轉化microbiological transformation
水淹flood or overflow 中毒水平toxic level
侵蝕erosion 農藥污染pesticide pollution
可蝕性 erodibility 殺蟲劑pesticide
生荒的virgin 殺菌劑 細菌bactericide 真菌 fungicide
精耕的(集約)intensive 除草劑herbicide
開墾reclamation 殘留residue
土壤改良soil improvement or amelioration/I:/
or amendment 降解、凈化degradation v. -de
硬化(板結)compact 富營養化eutrophia
水利water conservancy 生物富集biotic-enrichment/beneficiation
水土保持soil and water conservation 放射性物質(廢物)radioactive wastes
廢氣discharge or effluent gas
廢水sewage/effluent/waste water
土壤污染soil pollution /contamination廢渣fag end/waste slag/industrial sediment or waste
重金屬heavy metal 工業三廢three industrial waste
元素element 環境保護environmental protection
環境背景值(本底值)background levels環境監測environmental monitoring
汞mercury 環境危害environmental hazard
鎘cadmium 環境標準 ---- standard/criteria(評價)
鉛lead 環境評價--- criticize/assayment/evaluate
污水 下水道sewage ;工業effluents 污水凈化sewage purification
污灌sewage farm 污染生物指數boitic index of pollution
二氧化硫sulfur dioxide/dai`eksaid/ (十一)土壤分析常用詞
酸雨acid rain /precipitation 消化 digestion
大氣沉降atmospheric deposition(fallout)稀釋 dilution
環境污染物environmental pollutant 萃取 extraction
危害(危險)hazard 萃取劑extractant(劑)extract(物)
劇毒highly toxic 滲透 osmosis
毒害、毒物poison 滲漏 percolation
濃縮、富集enrichment/concentrate 擴散diffusion
工業廢物(殘渣)industrial sediment 過濾filter
廢物處理waste disposal 分析analysis 測定determination 有機-無機復合物organic and inorganic compound or complex
原子吸收光譜 atomic absorption spectrometry
分光計 spectrometer
蒸餾distillation
光譜 spectrum
補遺詞匯
過磷酸鈣superphosphate
磷酸銨ammonium phosphate
氨 ammonia
尿素urea
基肥 base manure
追肥top application or dressing
隨機區組randomized blocks
腐熟 well-composted
堆腐compost .
改土材料兼肥料soil improving materials and concurrently fertilizer(同時發生的)